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FPC Starkville, Martin Lifer – Wednesday Night Bible Study

April 28, 2021

Big Picture Overview  of OT – Understanding Isaiah in Its OT Context (Part 11)

Luke 24:27 And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets,

He [Jesus] interpreted to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself.

John 1:45 Philip found Nathanael and said to him, “We have found him of whom Moses in the Law and also the prophets wrote: Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.”

Cf. 2 Corinthians 3:6 & 12-14 - And He has qualified us as ministers of a new covenant, not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.

Since we have such a hope, we are very bold, not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face so that the Israelites might not gaze at the outcome of what was being brought to an end. But their minds were hardened.

For to this day, when they read the old covenant, that same veil remains unlifted,

because only through Christ is it taken away.

… and, e.g., Hebrews 8:7 - For if that first covenant had been faultless, there would have been no occasion to look for a second.

___________________________

Exodus 34:27 - And the LORD said to Moses, “Write these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.”

Deuteronomy 5:2 The LORD our God made a covenant with us at Horeb.

The “Book of the Covenant” – Exodus 19-24

__________________________________________________________

Exodus 19:2-11

They set out from Rephidim and came into the wilderness of Sinai, and they encamped in the wilderness. There Israel encamped before the mountain, 3 while Moses went up to God.

The LORD called to him out of the mountain, saying,

“Thus you shall say to the house of Jacob, and tell the people of Israel:

4 You yourselves have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles’ wings and brought you to Myself.

5 Now, therefore, if you will indeed obey my voice and keep my covenant,

you shall be my treasured possession among all peoples, for all the earth is mine;

6 and you shall be to me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’

These are the words that you shall speak to the people of Israel.”

7 So Moses came and called the elders of the people and set before them all these words that the LORD had commanded him. 8 All the people answered together and said, “All that the LORD has spoken we will do.” And Moses reported the words of the people to the LORD.

9 And the LORD said to Moses, “Behold, I am coming to you in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with you, and may also believe you forever.”

When Moses told the words of the people to the LORD, 10 the LORD said to Moses, “Go to the people and consecrate them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their garments 11 and be ready for the third day. For on the third day the LORD will come down on Mount Sinai in the sight of all the people.”

Exodus 24:7

a Then he [Moses] took the Book of the Covenant and read it in the hearing of the people.

b And they said, “All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient.”

Exodus 24:12 The LORD said to Moses,

“Come up to me on the mountain and wait there, that I may give you the tablets of stone,

with the law and the commandment, which I have written for their instruction.”

______________________________________________________

Exodus 2:23-24

23 Now it came about in the course of those many days that the king of Egypt died. And the sons of Israel sighed because of the bondage, and they cried out; and their cry for help because of their bondage rose up to God.

24 So God heard their groaning; and

God remembered His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Exodus 3:4-6,12

4 When the LORD saw that he [Moses] turned aside to look,

God called to him from the midst of the bush, and said, “Moses, Moses!”

And he said, “Here I am.”      hin·nê·nî

5 Then He said, “Do not come near here; remove your sandals from your feet, for the place on which you are standing is holy ground.”

6 He said also,

“I am the God of your father: the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.”

Then Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look at God.

…

12 And He said, “Certainly I will be with you, and

this shall be the sign to you that it is I who have sent you:

when you have brought the people out of Egypt,

you shall serve/worship

God at this mountain.”

______________________________

The “Book of the Covenant” – Exodus 19-24

Exodus 24:3 Moses came and told the people all the words kāl-diḇ·rêof the LORD and

all the rules/judgments/case-rulings kāl-ham·miš·pā·ṭîm.

And all the people answered with one voice and said,

“All the words kāl-had·də·ḇā·rîm that the LORD has spoken, we will do.”

Cf. Deut. 4:13 And He declared to you his covenant, which He commanded you to perform, that is, the “Ten Commandments” [KJV/NIV/ESV… but Heb. - ‘ă·śe·reṯ had·də·ḇā·rîm], & He wrote them on two tablets of stone.

The “Book of the Covenant” – Exodus 19-24

Exodus 19 – Context (including the LORD’s fulfillment of His Word to Moses [see Ex. 3:12]), Covenant Call & Response, Consecration & Terms of Meeting

Exodus 20 – Ten “Words” of the Covenant

Exodus 21-23 – Judgments/[Case]Rulings/Ordinances of the Covenant

Exodus 24 – Covenant Ratification Ceremony

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~Big Picture Overview of OT – Understanding Isaiah in Its OT Context~

(Part 10)

~The Covenant of God’s Peace, Everlasting <<=>> New Covenant~

Isaiah 54:10

connected with all of Is. 51-55, particularly with 54:13ff., as well as 54:1-4

“For the mountains may depart & the hills be removed, but my steadfast love shall not depart from you, and the covenant of my peace shall not be removed,” says the LORD, Who has compassion on you.

Ezekiel 37:26

“I will make acovenant of peacewith them. It shall be aneverlasting covenantwith them. And I will set them in their land and multiply them, and will set my sanctuary in their midst forevermore.”

Romans 11:26-27

[quoting specifically Isaiah 59:20-21]

And in this way all Israel will be saved, as it is written, “The Deliverer will come from Zion, he will banish ungodliness from Jacob”; “and this will be my covenant with them when I take away their sins.”

Hebrews 9:15 & 13:20-21

Therefore He [Christ] is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance, since a death has occurred that redeems them from the transgressions committed under the first covenant.

Now may the God of peace, who through the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, equip you with everything good that you may do his will, working in us that which is pleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ, to Whom be glory forever and ever. Amen.

---

~Noahic Covenant, an Everlasting Covenant (of Peace) – Genesis 9:1-18~

God’s Covenant of Peace with Phineas: Covenant of an Everlasting Priesthood (Numbers 25)

Numbers 25:10-13And the LORD said to Moses, “Phinehas the son of Eleazar, son of Aaron the priest, has turned back my wrath from the people of Israel, in that he was jealous with my jealousy among them, so that I did not consume the people of Israel in my jealousy. Therefore say,

‘Behold, I give to himmy covenant of peace,And he shall have it, and his seed after him, even the covenant of an everlasting priesthood; because he was zealous for his God, and made an atonement for the children of Israel.

Hebrews 7:14-22 For it is evident that our Lord was descended from Judah, and in connection with that tribe Moses said nothing about priests. This becomes even more evident when another priest arises in the likeness of Melchizedek, Who has become a priest, not on the basis of a legal requirement concerning bodily descent, but by the power of an indestructible life. For it is witnessed of him, “You are a priest forever, after the order of Melchizedek.” For on the one hand, a former commandment is set aside because of its weakness and uselessness (for the law made nothing perfect); but on the other hand, a better hope is introduced, through which we draw near to God. And it was not without an oath. For those who formerly became priests were made such without an oath, but this one was made a priest with an oath by the one who said to him: “The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind, ‘You are a priest forever.’” This makes Jesus the guarantor of a better covenant.

~The Covenant of God’s Peace – Isaiah 54 (see the back of this page)~

Further New Covenant in Isaiah – See Chapters 55 & 59, etc., and future studies.

Covenant of Peace in Hosea (see also Micah, to whom we will turn later in our Isaiah Series & Studies)

2:18-20 “And I will make for them a covenant on that day with the beasts of the field, the birds of the heavens, and the creeping things of the ground. And I will abolish the bow, the sword, and war from the land, and I will make you lie down in safety.And I will betroth you to me forever. I will betroth you to me in righteousness and in justice, in steadfast love and in mercy. I will betroth you to me in faithfulness. And you shall know the LORD.”

~New Covenant in Jeremiah – includes:~

31:31-34 “Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah,not likethe covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, my covenant that they broke, though I was their husband,” declares the LORD.“For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” declares the LORD: “ will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they shall be my people. And no longer shall each one teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, ‘Know the LORD,’ for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest,” declares the LORD. “For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”

~New Covenant in Ezekiel – includes:~

16:59-63

“For thus says the Lord GOD [Adonai YHWH]: I will deal with you as you have done, you who have despised the oath in breaking the covenant.Nevertheless, I will remember My covenant with you in the days of your youth, andI willestablishan everlasting covenantwith you.Then you will remember your ways and be ashamed when you take your sisters, both your elder and your younger, and I give them to you as daughters, but not on account of the covenant with you.I will establish my covenant with you, and you shall know that I am the LORD, so that you may remember and be confounded, and never open your mouth again because of your shame, when I atone for you for all that you have done,” declares the Lord GOD.

34:25-26 “I will make with them a covenant of peace and rid the land of wild animals, so that they may dwell securely in the wilderness and sleep in the forest. My dwelling place shall be with them, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.”

37:26(see Introductory Passages on Page 1)

~See Hebrews 8 on The New Covenant –~

quoting Jeremiah 31 directly & extensively, as well as Jer. 24 & Isaiah 43, and alluding to Isaiah 54 & 59

Isaiah 54 (English Standard Version)

The Eternal Covenant of Peace

54“Sing, O barren one, who did not bear; break forth into singing and cry aloud, you who have not been in labor!

For the children of the desolate one will be more than the children of her who is married,” says the Lord.

2“Enlarge the place of your tent, and let the curtains of your habitations be stretched out;

do not hold back; lengthen your cords and strengthen your stakes.

3For you will spread abroad to the right and to the left,

and your [seed] offspring will possess the nations and will people the desolate cities.

4“Fear not, for you will not be ashamed; be not confounded, for you will not be disgraced;

for you will forget the shame of your youth, and the reproach of your widowhood you will remember no more.

5For your Maker is your husband, the Lord of hosts is his name;

and the Holy One of Israel is your Redeemer,

the God of the whole earth he is called.

6For the Lord has called you like a wife deserted and grieved in spirit,

like a wife of youth when she is cast off, says your God.

7For a brief moment I deserted you, but with great compassion I will gather you.

8In overflowing anger for a moment I hid my face from you but with everlasting love I will have compassion on you,”

says the Lord, your Redeemer.

9“This is like the days of Noah[a] to me:

as I swore that the waters of Noah should no more go over the earth, so I have sworn that I will not be angry with you and will not rebuke you.

10For the mountains may depart and the hills be removed,

but my steadfast love shall not depart from you, and my covenant of peace shall not be removed,”

says the Lord, who has compassion on you.

11“O afflicted one, storm-tossed and not comforted,

behold, I will set your stones in antimony, and lay your foundations with sapphires.[b]

12I will make your pinnacles of agate,[c] your gates of carbuncles,[d]

and all your wall of precious stones.

13All your children shall be taught by the Lord, and great shall be the peace of your children.

14In righteousness you shall be established; you shall be far from oppression, for you shall not fear;

and from terror, for it shall not come near you.

15If anyone stirs up strife, it is not from me; whoever stirs up strife with you shall fall because of you.

16Behold, I have created the smith who blows the fire of coals and produces a weapon for its purpose.

I have also created the ravager to destroy;

17 no weapon that is fashioned against you shall succeed, and you shall refute every tongue that rises against you in judgment.This is the heritage of the servants of the Lord and their vindication[e] from Me,” declares the Lord.

a a. Isaiah 54:9 Some manuscripts For this is as the waters of Noah

b b. Isaiah 54:11 Or lapis lazuli

c c. Isaiah 54:12 Or jasper, or ruby

d d. Isaiah 54:12 Or crystal

e e. Isaiah 54:17 Or righteousness

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Big Picture Overview of OT – Understanding Isaiah in Its OT Context (Part 9)

Exodus 2:23-24

23 Now it came about in the course of those many days that the king of Egypt died. And the sons of Israel

sighed because of the bondage, and they cried out; and their cry for help because of their bondage rose

up to God.

24 So God heard their groaning; and

God remembered His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Exodus 3:4-6,12

4 When the LORD saw that he [Moses] turned aside to look,

God called to him from the midst of the bush, and said, “Moses, Moses!”

And he said, “Here I am.” hin·nê·nî

5 Then He said, “Do not come near here; remove your sandals from your feet, for the place on

which you are standing is holy ground.”

6 He said also,

“I am the God of your father: the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.”

Then Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look at God.

...

12 And He said, “Certainly I will be with you, and

this shall be the sign to you that it is I who have sent you:

when you have brought the people out of Egypt,

you shall serve/worship

God at this mountain.”

______________________________

Relationship of Exodus 3:1-6 to Isaiah 6:1-8 (parallels & contrasts)

Genesis 22

1 Now it came about after these things, that God tested Abraham, and

said to him, “Abraham!”

And he said, “Here I am!” hin·nê·nî

11 But the angel of the LORD called to him from heaven, and said,

“Abraham, Abraham!”

And he said, “Here I am!” hin·nê·nî

Genesis 24:6-8

Genesis 26

Genesis 27

Genesis 31:11 “Then the angel of God said to me in the dream, ‘Jacob,’ and

I said, ‘Here I am!’ hin·nê·nî

Genesis 25, 28, 29:35, 32:22-32

Genesis 35

Genesis 46

Genesis 49:28-50:14ff....

&

50:22-26 (Ex. 13:19, Josh. 24:32, Acts 7:16, Heb. 11:22)

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Big Picture Overview  of OT – Understanding Isaiah in Its OT Context (Part 8)

Isaiah 52:13,15

 “Behold, my servant shall act wisely; he shall be high and lifted up, and shall be exalted.”

so shall he sprinkle many nations. Kings shall shut their mouths because of him, for that which has not been told them they see, and that which they have not heard they understand.

Isaiah 53:10-12

Yet it was the will of the LORD to crush him; He has put him to grief;

when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the LORD shall prosper in his hand.

Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities.

Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; 

yet he bore the sin of many, and 

makes intercession for the transgressors.

Psalm 110:1-5 

[A Psalm of David]

The LORD says to my Lord: “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool.”

The LORD sends forth from Zion your mighty scepter. Rule in the midst of your enemies!

Your people will offer themselves freely on the day of your power, in holy garments; from the womb of the morning, the dew of your youth will be yours.

4The LORD has sworn and will not change his mind, 

“You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek.”

The Lord is at your right hand; He will shatter kings on the day of his wrath.

Genesis 14:17-24 

Hebrews Chapter 5, 6:13-7:28 

>> Chapter 8 (New Covenant)

2 Timothy 2:8

1 Samuel 2:27-36; 

2 Samuel 6:12-15 

2 Samuel 7; 1 Chronicles 17

1 Chronicles 21:18-30

Psalm 132

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Isaiah 41:8-10, 51:1-3

Galatians 3:8-9 & 28-29

Romans 4:16-17; Ephesians 2:11-22

_________________________________________________

Genesis 1:26-31 & 5:2

Matthew 19:3-5

_______________________________

Abram, son of Terah (of Ur of the Chaldeans).

av-rum/Avram – “Great Father.”

Joshua 24:2 - And Joshua said to all the people, “Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel, ‘Long ago, your fathers lived beyond the Euphrates, Terah, the father of Abraham and of Nahor; and they served other gods. Then I took your father Abraham from beyond the River and led him through all the land of Canaan, and made his offspring many. I gave him Isaac. And to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau. And I gave Esau the hill country of Seir to possess, but Jacob and his children went down to Egypt….”

First use of “Hebrew” (“Ivri’) re Abram – in Gen. 14:13; cf.”wandering Aramean” (“Arami”) in Deuteronomy 26 [re Jacob].

Genesis 12-28ff. Abrahamic Covenant(s) –

including initial/calling commands & promises YHWH made to Abram of land, seed & blessing [Genesis 12:1-3].

1 Now the LORD said to Abram,

(A) “Go from your country and your kindred and your father’s house to the land that I will show you.

2 And (1) I will make you into a great nation, And (2) I will bless you, And (3) make your name great;

And (B) you shall be a blessing; 3 And (1) I will bless those who bless you, And (2) the one who curses you I will curse. And (3) in you all the families of the earth will be blessed.”

The LORD further specifically makes & cuts his covenant(s)with and/or for Abram and his seed & family. God confirms and expands on the promises as the story of Abram moves forward. See:

Genesis 15

the specific b’rit of 15:18ff. …

Genesis 17

the b’rit olam 17:7ff. and the SIGN of the covenant l-oth b’rit (17:11)… and

the LORD’s magisterial covenant oaths in 22:15ff.

See also, the LORD’s Reaffirmation of Covenant Oath/Promises

to Isaac… & Isaac’s Responses (Genesis 26),

and

God Almighty’s Calling of, Promises to, and Naming of Jacob as Israel (Genesis 35).

Genesis 12-14, setting up Genesis 15

Sarai, Lot, Sodom, kings, & Melchizedek

Melchizedek

Genesis 14:17-24 >

(1 Samuel 2:27-36, 2 Samuel 6:12-15)

¬ Psalm 110:4

¬ Hebrews 5:1-10, 7:11-28

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Big Picture Overview  of OT – Understanding Isaiah in Its OT Context (Part 5) 

God’s Covenant Promises, Signs, Son(s) & Servants – in Genesis, Exodus,… 2 Samuel … & Isaiah

Son(s) & Servant(s) – Adam, Noah, Israel, David, Jesus

(1) Sonship Issue of Adam as God’s Son … and Jesus as God’s Son (the “True/Last Adam”) AND as God’s Divine Son:

Genesis 1:26 Then God said, “Let us make man [adam] in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.”

Genesis 5:1-3

This is the book of the generations of Adam. When God created man [adam], He made him in the likeness of God.

Male and female He created them, and He blessed them and named them “Man” [adam] when they were created.

When Adam had lived 130 years, he fathered a son in his own likeness, after his image, and named him Seth.

Genesis 5:32 After Noah was 500 years old, Noah fathered [begat] Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

Luke 3:23… 3:38

Jesus, when he began his ministry, was about thirty years of age, being the son (as was supposed) of Joseph, the son of Heli,…  the son of Enos, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God.

1 Corinthians 15:45

Thus it is written, “The first man Adam became a living being”; the last Adam became a life-giving spirit. [See John 5:21]

 (2) Sonship Issue of Israel as God’s First-born Son & Servant … and Jesus as God’s Divine/True Son & Servant:

Romans 9:4 … the people of Israel. Theirs is the adoption as sons; theirs the divine glory and the covenants; theirs the giving of the law, the temple worship, and the promises 

Exodus 4:22-23

 “Then you shall say to Pharaoh, ‘Thus says the LORD, Israel is my firstborn son, and I say to you, “Let my son go that he may serve Me.” If you refuse to let him go, behold, I will kill your firstborn son.’”

Hosea 11:1

“When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My son.”

Matthew 2:15

… where He [Jesus] stayed until the death of Herod. This fulfilled what the Lord had spoken through the prophet: "Out of Egypt I called My Son."

Cf. Christians as “children” & “sons of God:” Romans 8:14,19 For all who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God…. For the creation waits with eager longing for the revealing of the sons of God. Cf. 1 John 3:1-2, John 1:13, Matt. 5:9

(3) Sonship Issue of David/”David” as God’s Son & Servant … and Jesus as David’s AND God’s True Son:

Psalm 89:27 “And I will make him the firstborn, the highest of the kings of the earth.” …

Isaiah – Israel and an Individual Messiah as God’s Son & Servant

Isaiah 1:2ff., 43:6, 63:8ff., 64:8ff…. v. Isaiah 9:6, etc.

Isaiah 41:8  “But you, Israel, my servant, Jacob, whom I have chosen, the offspring of Abraham, my friend;”

Isaiah 44:1ff  “But now hear, O Jacob my servant, Israel whom I have chosen…”,

Isaiah 42:1  “Behold my servant, whom I uphold, my chosen, in whom my soul delights; I have put my Spirit upon him; he will bring forth justice to the nations.”

… AND Isaiah 49 & 52-53!!!

provided something better for us, that apart from us they should not be made perfect.

God’s Covenant Promises, Signs, Son(s) & Servants – in Genesis, Exodus,… 2 Samuel … & Isaiah

Genesis 1:1-2:3/ 2:4-3:19

And God said. And God saw … was good. And God blessed => “Be fruitful & multiply,… fill….”

And God said (6x – vv. 3, 6, 9, 14, 20, 24) begins each day. “Then God said” (2x – vv. 11, 26). “God blessed them and said” (2x – vv. 22, 28). => “Ten Words”

Gen. 3:15 Protoevangelium v. the Curse of the Ground AND the Great Reversal (adam subject to dust)

Genesis 6 & 9 Noahic Covenant(s)

Gen. 6:18 Moses’/OT’s first use of Hebrew term b’rit

God establishes his B’rit with Noah AND gives Noah a Command: Noah & family must come into the ark.

8:20 – 9:17 – What is most commonly called the “Noahic Covenant”

Moses’/Genesis’ use (now repeated) of Hebrew b’rit (Chapter 9 verses 9, 11, 9:12, 13, 15, 16, 17)

Notes: (1) The covenant is (a) Unconditional, (b) Universal & (c) Everlasting!!!

Notably Universal: with Noah AND ALL Noah’s seed, …

AND ALL living creatures,… AND for perpetual generations!

(2)  Noah & Ark Animals, Flood Subsiding, God’s Restoration of Creation Mandate and God’s Repeated Giving of the Mandate, and Noah’s Name all reflect/echo Genesis 1-2:4.

(3)  The Sign/Token –- famously the rainbow –is for the LORD (!) 9:12ff.

(4)  Noah’s “Fall”/ a failed “2d Adam” ….

(5)  Noah’s curse on Ham & Canaan, and Noah’s blessing of YHWH, Shem’s God.

_______________

Further problems with humanity, summarized in the Genesis 10-11 Table of Nations and Tower of Babel – in particular highlighting rising conflict with Nimrod & the people/kingdoms/cities that come from him (including Babel & Assyria/Nineveh) … culminating with the TOWER of Babel!

This all sets up the major contrast/tension between the City of Man/Idolatry/Man’s Glory and

the LORD’s plan/promise/covenants with & through Abram.

Genesis 12-28ff.  Abrahamic Covenant(s) –

including the initial/calling commands & promises the LORD made to Abram of land, seed & blessing [Genesis 12:1-3].

1 Now the LORD said to Abram,

(A) “Go from your country and your kindred and your father’s house to the land that I will show you. 2 And (1) I will make you into a great nation, And (2) I will bless you, And (3) make your name great;

And (B) you shall be a blessing; 3 And (1) I will bless those who bless you, And (2) the one who curses you I will curse. And (3) in you all the families of the earth will be blessed.”

The LORD further specifically makes & cuts his covenant(s)with and/or for Abram and his seed & family. God confirms and expands on the promises as the story of Abram moves forward. See, e.g.:

the specific b’rit of  15:18ff. …

the b’rit olam 17:7ff. and the SIGN of the covenant l-oth b’rit (17:11)… and

the LORD’s magisterial covenant oaths in 22:15ff.

See also, the LORD’s Reaffirmation of Covenant Oath/Promises to Isaac & Isaac’s Responses (Gen. 26) and God Almighty’s Call, Promises, and Naming of Jacob as Israel (Gen. 35).

Exodus 1-4/ Moses (& Aaron) & Israel v. Pharaoh/Egypt

1:7 fruitful & multiplied

2:24b-25 … and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. God saw the people of Israel, and God knew.

Chapter 3 (note sign 3:12 … and signs Chapters 4 … and then 7-13ff.)

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Big Picture Overview  of OT – Understanding Isaiah in Its OT Context (Part 4) 

Hebrews 11:1-16, 39-40

10 For he was looking forward to the city that has foundations, whose designer and builder is God.

13-16 These all died in faith, not having received the things promised, but having seen them and greeted them from afar, and having acknowledged that they were strangers and exiles on the earth.

14 For people who speak thus make it clear that they are seeking a homeland. 15 If they had been thinking of that land from which they had gone out, they would have had opportunity to return.

16 But as it is, they desire a better country, that is, a heavenly one. Therefore God is not ashamed to be called their God, for He has prepared for them a city.

39 And all these, though commended through their faith, did not receive what was promised, 40 since God had provided something better for us, that apart from us they should not be made perfect. 

Hebrews 12:22-24

But you have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to innumerable angels in festal gathering, and to the assembly of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to God, the judge of all, and to the spirits of the righteous made perfect, and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks a better word than the blood of Abel.

Isaiah 51:11

And the ransomed of the LORD shall return and come to Zion with singing; everlasting joy shall be upon their heads; they shall obtain gladness and joy, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away.

Revelation 3:12

“The one who overcomes I will make a pillar in the temple of My God, and he will never again leave it. Upon him I will write the name of My God, and the name of the city of My God (the new Jerusalem that comes down out of heaven from My God), and My new name.”

Revelation 21:1-3

Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and the sea was no more. 2 And I saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. 3 And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, “Behold, the dwelling place of God is with man. He will dwell with them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God.

Revelation 22:1-3

Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life, bright as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb through the middle of the street of the city; also, on either side of the river, the tree of life with its twelve kinds of fruit, yielding its fruit each month. The leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations. No longer will there be anything accursed, but the throne of God and of the Lamb will be in it, and his servants will worship him.

Isaiah 48:18-19

 “Oh that you had paid attention to my commandments! Then your peace would have been like a river, and your righteousness like the waves of the sea; your offspring [zareka = “seed”] would have been like the sand, and your descendants like its grains; their name would never be cut off or destroyed from before Me.”

Isaiah 66:22

 “For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make shall remain before me, says the LORD, so shall your offspring and your name remain.”…

Genesis 4:17, 4:23-26, 6:6, 10:6-20, 11:1-9 

Daniel 3, Isaiah 47:8-13, Revelation 17-18

Note: Genesis 11:3 lebenah v-hachamar => Exodus 1:14 bilbenim bechomer, 2:3 tebath b-chemar < Genesis 6:14 tebath

Genesis 1:1-2:3

And God said. And God saw … was good.

And God blessed => “Be fruitful & multiply,… fill….”

And God said (6x – vv. 3, 6, 9, 14, 20, 24) begins each day. “Then God said” (2x – vv. 11, 26). “God blessed them and said” (2x – vv. 22, 28). => “Ten Words”

Genesis 1:26-31

Genesis 6 & 9 Noahic Covenant(s)

Gen. 6:18 Moses’/OT’s first use of Hebrew term b’rit

God establishes his B’rit with Noah AND gives Noah a Command: Noah & family must come into the ark.

8:20 – 9:17 – What is most commonly called the “Noahic Covenant”

Again, Moses/Genesis’ use (now repeated) of Hebrew b’rit (9:9, 9:11, 9:12, 9:13)

Notes: (1) The covenant is (a) Unconditional, (b) Universal & (c) Everlasting!!!

Notably Universal: with Noah AND ALL Noah’s seed, …

AND ALL living creatures,… AND for perpetual generations!

(2)  Noah & Ark Animals, Flood Subsiding & Restoration of Creation Mandate (and Noah’s Name) reflecting Genesis 1-2:4.

(3)  The Sign/Token –- famously the rainbow –is for the LORD (!) 9:12ff.

(4)  Noah’s “Fall”/ failed 2d Adam ….

(5)  (5) Noah’s curse on Ham & Canaan, blessing of YHWH, Shem’s God.

Further problems with humanity, summarized in the Genesis 10-11 Table of Nations and Tower of Babel – in particular highlighting rising conflict with Nimrod & the people/kingdoms/cities that come from him (including Babel & Assyria/Nineveh) … culminating with  the TOWER of Babel!

This all sets up the major contrast/tension between the City of Man/Idolatry/Man’s Glory and

the LORD’s plan/promise/covenants with & through Abram.

Genesis 12-28ff.  Abrahamic Covenant(s) –

including the initial/calling commands & promises the LORD made to Abram of land, seed & blessing [Genesis 12:1-3].

1 Now the LORD said to Abram,

(A) “Go from your country and your kindred and your father’s house to the land that I will show you. 2 And (1) I will make you into a great nation, And (2) I will bless you, And (3) make your name great;

And (B) you shall be a blessing; 3 And (1) I will bless those who bless you, And (2) the one who curses you I will curse. And (3) in you all the families of the earth will be blessed.”

The LORD further specifically makes & cuts his covenant(s)with and/or for Abram and his seed & family. God confirms and expands on the promises as the story of Abram moves forward. See, e.g.:

the specific b’rit of  15:18ff. …

the b’rit olam of 17:7ff.,… and

the LORD’s magisterial covenant oaths in 22:15ff.

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